Which document is essential for ensuring that a person’s medical wishes are followed?

The correct choice is advanced directives, which are crucial documents that allow individuals to outline their preferences regarding medical treatment and end-of-life care. These directives ensure that a person's medical wishes are known and respected, particularly if they are unable to communicate these wishes themselves due to illness or incapacitation. Advanced directives typically include living wills and healthcare power of attorney designations, giving clear guidance to healthcare providers and loved ones about the individual's desired medical care.

In contrast, while the Patient Bill of Rights outlines the rights of patients within healthcare settings, it does not specifically address individual medical wishes. A medical history provides vital information about a patient’s past health conditions and treatments but does not reflect a patient’s current preferences for treatment. An informed consent form is used to ensure that a patient understands the risks and benefits of a specific treatment or procedure before proceeding, but it does not encompass a broader set of medical wishes or preferences that might be expressed in advanced directives.