What document allows individuals to make decisions regarding their medical care if they are unable to do so?

The correct choice is advanced directives, as this document specifically enables individuals to outline their preferences for medical treatment in situations where they are unable to communicate their wishes. Advanced directives encompass various forms, including living wills and health care proxies, but they collectively serve the purpose of guiding healthcare providers and family members in making decisions aligned with the individual's desires.

For instance, a living will is a type of advanced directive that details specific medical interventions one may want or not want in the event of a terminal condition. Meanwhile, a health care proxy designates a person to make decisions on behalf of the individual when they are incapacitated. Although all forms mentioned contribute to the overall practice of ensuring one's medical preferences are respected, it is the advanced directive that encapsulates the overarching authority granted to individuals regarding their care preferences.